Monday 14 June 2010

Take a Tranquil Break in the Scottish Borders By G Rushton

The Scottish borders are a beautiful area full of picturesque towns and villages, historic sites and rolling green hills, the perfect place for a short break in Scotland. If you are looking for relaxing countryside with a mixture of popular attractions, friendly people and interesting places then the Scottish borders could be just the place for you.

KELSO
This is an extremely historical part of Scotland and all the settlements in the Scottish borders have great claims in the history of our country. kelso is no different with the town originating from Kelso Abbey - a magnificent building. King David I agreed to allow monks to construct the abbey near to his castle at Roxburgh in 1128 and although the abbey remains the castle does not apart from a few ruins. Buried deep in the realms of history this amazing castle was to be the death of King James II when an large cannon exploded and killed him in 1460.

Apart from historical buildings there are lots of attractions and activities in and around the beautiful town of Kelso. The beautiful Floors Castle, more of a stately home, is the largest inhabited house in Scotland and has magnificent gardens well worth spending an afternoon in. The very substantial town square in Kelso is full of interesting shops and places to eat, and wandering around Kelso is an enjoyable day in itself. Kelso is also a good base to explore the surrounding area and other towns and attractions in the Scottish borders.

JEDBURGH
No short break in the borders of Scotland would be complete without a visit to Jedburgh. Jedburgh is a small and beautiful town in the Scottish borders and also boasts a truly magnificent and historical abbey, built in 1138. The very position of Jedburgh, a matter of 9 miles from the English border, made it a hotbed for conflict between Scotland and England. Known for its beautiful gardens and scenic riverfront walks, Jedburgh is very popular with all tourists who visit the area.

MELROSE
For Rugby fans the name Melrose will mean everything, as it is the home of Rugby Sevens, and indeed a fine ambassador for the game in Scotland. Another famous abbey is located in Melrose and this abbey is probably one of the most photographed churches in the whole of Scotland. Although most of the abbey dates from the 14th century, the abbey was originally constructed in 1136 and destroyed by Richard II in 1385. Melrose has a lot to offer the tourist and is a
must see location in the Scottish borders.

"looks like what many people think the highlands look like"... It is a wonderful area for a weekend break and there are a large selection of top quality hotels in the Scottish borders for you to choose from. Why not sneak away to one of the many welcoming hotels or guest houses and have a wonderful short break in Scotland!

Visit http://www.hotelsinscotland.org for more Scottish holiday ideas like this one, and to book hotels in the Scottish Borders quickly and easily online.

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Visit Duns - Scottish Borders For Its Rich History By Simon Haughtone Platinum Quality Author

If you want to visit a beautiful town, then you need to visit the Scottish burgh called Duns. Duns - Scottish Borders is located on the Scottish Borders. You will love visiting during the summer because of the Summer Festival that is held there. This festival is for when the Reiver, or robbing, leads the town on the riding of the bounds. This started more than three hundred fifty years ago when many robbers went through and stole cattle, horses and even became murderers all throughout this area. They ruined many of the beautiful castles, abbeys and tower houses.

They actually had ridings that were meant to protect the town against these robbers. They had to defend their town and every since, there are commemorative ceremonies that are held every year. Come for the fun and festival while learning about this rich history.

Duns Law has a monument that is 714 feet above sea level. This celebrates are where General Leslie and his people were supporters of the Scottish Reformed Church. They were against Charles I's ecclesiastical policy.

Near Duns there is a really wonderful place to visit called the Edin's Hall Broch which is one of the very few Iron Age Brochs in Scotland. There is also an old church that has a Norman doorway with beautiful carvings. There is also a place for motor racing fans in the Jim Clark Room because it is devoted to Jim Clark who was twice the world motor racing champion in the 60's.

There is also a really great place to golf, swim and have fun bowling. Basically, anything that you want to do is available in Duns. Bring the entire family for fun and adventure while they are also leaning a lot of history about the Dun's area.

Look for hotels in Duns.

Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Simon_Haughtone

Hawick - Scottish Borders - A Popular Stop-Over Base By Simon Haughtone Platinum Quality Author

Hawick is the largest of the Scottish Border towns you reach when you are traveling on the A7 main route to Edinburgh. It is a very popular stop-over base for anyone traveling on this route as it is so close to the English border. Much like Grenta Green, Hawick is renowned today for grabbing bargains in knitwear and fabrics. Popular quality knitwear names like Peter Scott still operate in this town.

Being situated so close to the English border, sees Hawick as having a very turbulent history. Cross-border warfare was rife, particularly during the 16th century, and this is celebrated in March with the Hawick Reiver's Festival. Legendary families known as the Border Riders, the Turnbulls, Scotts and Armstrongs, all hail from Hawick.

Scottish border towns are alive with tales, and one of the Greatest Scottish writers of all time drew most of his inspiration from these towns, Sir Walter Scott! He drew this inspiration from the ballads of the borders and these dates back to when Scotland was known as "The Debatable Land" in all its wild beauty.

Although the debate is long over, it is still not forgotten and although towns such as Hawick are Scottish through and through, they still have their own culture. This culture was forged by an affinity with horses, the land and unruly border families, who took what they wanted and defended what was theirs.

Wherever you go in this region you will come upon signs which depict a mounted soldier, wearing a helmet. This is the very fiber of Scottish border towns, the skirmish and defense. Highlights of this history takes place every year when border towns get together for the festival of the Common ridings. These stem back from when men would ride the boundaries of common land to check defenses and look for raider. The most famous of these festivals take place in Hawick, Lauder and Selkirk. However fortunately there are no longer any raiders to see off. Hawick is also an entry to many hilly ranges including The Cheviots, the Lammermuirs and the Eildons and is one of the most popular short break destinations in the UK.

Find your next Hawick hotel - here

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Reivers - Scottish-English Border By Tom W Moss

The Frontier Between the Countries Gave Birth to the Border Reivers

The Border Line between England and Scotland took centuries to agree. Scottish and English knights met in the mid thirteenth century in an attempt to resolve its course

Monarchs Determine the Border Line

The Frontier between England and Scotland was first determined in the eleventh century through the aggressive policies of English and Scottish kings. They were bent on the aggrandizement which followed from territorial gain and advertising a line of demarcation which signaled possession. The people who lived astride the Line became mere pawns, brushed aside and little thought of in the lust for control over the opposite nation.

People of the Border Lands Ignore the Border Line

Where once they could cross the rivers of Esk and Tweed at will and pasture cattle or grow crops in the ground that had been so familiar to their forefathers, there now was confrontation and rivalry. A Border Line now existed at these rivers! They, of a sudden, were not welcome in the lands which now belonged to another country. Confrontation between the people of the two nations became an every day occurrence, part and parcel of their way of life.

Confrontation Becomes a Way of Life across the Border Line

The strife was widespread as clans on each side of the Border fought each other for the right to cultivate a crop or pasture a beast. They ignored the Line set by the monarchs of both realms, were indifferent to any deterrent set in place to bring them to order. Crime became endemic. Theft, maiming, even murder became the norm. Amicable relations between the two countries would suffer as an outcome.

The Border Line is a Cause of Contention

The concerns of the English king, Henry lll, that the Line of the Border was being ignored by people of both nations, was clear in his desire to establish for all time its margins and thus establish order in the north of his domain and some amity with his Scottish neighbors. A meeting of the senior knights of Northumberland and those of southern Scotland in 1222 achieved nothing but discord. Nothing was to change. The Border remained a Line of contention.

Further Attempt to Establish the Border Line

In 1248 Henry 111 again raised the issue and succeeded in achieving yet another meeting between knights of England and their counterparts of Scotland at the Border Line to establish its boundaries. The two parties "perambulated" or walked part of the Border Line in an attempt to reach agreement on its delineation. They could not see eye to eye and the meeting broke down when violence erupted. An inherent dislike of each other fueled the deadlock.

Agreement Is Finally Reached on the Margins of the Border Line

In 1249 a larger party of knights from the two countries met again, again at the insistence of Henry 111. As in the previous year they "perambulated" a part of the Border Line and a decision was finally reached albeit the Scots left the scene dissatisfied with the outcome. Having now achieved this breakthrough it became a matter of advertising the result of the deliberations to the people who lived on both sides of the Border. Thus the Border Laws were born.

The Border Laws Established

The Border Laws, Leges Marchiarum, formulated following the meeting of the Scottish and English knights in 1249, would be amended and revised many times during the next 350 years. Down the years they would be little deterrent to the hard, obdurate peoples who lived on each side of the Border Line. The Border Reivers would rule in the Border lands. The Law would be futile in its attempts to control them.

In 1985 I moved to the Scottish Borders and fell in love with the place. It was a surprise to find out that I knew nothing of the Border Reivers, the lawless clans who held sway in the Border country for centuries. I found their history to be absorbing and fascinating and today, twenty-five years later, the enthusiasm and passion shows no sign of waning. I have written a book about the most infamous Scottish Border Reiver of the 16th century, Kinmont Willie Armstrong. The Book is called 'Deadlock and Deliverance',

Tom Moss.

Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Tom_W_Moss

Reivers - English Scottish Border By Tom W Moss

Its Formation Would Lead to the Emergence of the Border Reivers

The English Scottish Borderline took centuries of war and hostility before its lines were established. People of the Border lands would suffer great hardship as a result.

Today the Border LIne runs from south-west to north-east, from the Solway Firth at Gretna (near Gretna Green) to the North Sea at Berwick-upon-Tweed. It follows a line which starts humbly and insignificantly in the little river of Sark in its run to the Solway, encompasses the rivers of Esk and Liddel in the west and moves on via the great natural barrier of the Cheviot Hills to the river Tweed and its flow to the North Sea. In all it covers over 120 miles.

Before the Making of the Border Line

In the east of the country the kingdom of Northumbria held sway into what is now modern day Scotland as far north as the river Forth and present day Edinburgh, the name of the city reflecting even now Northumbrian dominance. It is named after Edwin, famous king of Northumbria. In the west present day Cumbria, England, was still part of Scotland and the kingdom of Strathclyde.

Conflict over EnglishScottish Border

The Line of the Border would come about through the confrontation that existed between the kings of both countries. Each strove to establish power and right over his neighbour. The old order of Strathclyde and Northumbria were to change for all time in the 11th century when Cumbria would become English whilst the lands of south-east Scotland would finally be ceded to the Scots.

War and Natural Barriers Create the Border Line

In 1018, Malcolm II, king of Scots, invaded the Lothians, a fertile stretch of land that runs from the river Forth south to the Tweed, defeated a Northumbrian army at the Battle of Carham, and thus claimed the territory of the southern Lothians for Scotland. The river Tweed would become the border between Scotland and England in the east.

In 1092 William Rufus, king of England and son of the Conqueror, invaded Cumbria and drove the Scots north. The rivers of Esk and Liddel became the Border Line in the west.

The Border is Centuries in the Making

The Border Line would change and evolve over the next two hundred years but would eventually revert to the lines established in the 11th century. Often it would change, not as result of land gained through dominance of one country over the other but as a result of diplomacy or negotiation. Lands in England were sold back to the Scots on one occasion to finance a Crusade!

The Border Reivers

Kings might have established the Line of the Border and the result might have suited their vanity and quest for domination but there were many who would suffer as a result. The people living to the north of the Line in Scotland, or to the south, in England would be subject to the devastating attacks and raids as each country strove to achieve supremacy. They were the losers in the hostilities that drove the monarchs to seek ascendancy. They lost life and livelihood in the conflict. They would rise from the ashes of their loss of loved ones and living. They would challenge all authority, even monarchy, and would become feared throughout the Scottish English Border Lands for centuries.

They would become the Border Reivers.

The names of Kinmont Willie Armstrong, Walter Scott of Branxholme and Buccleuch, Richie Graham of Brackenhill and Walter Scott of Harden, amongst others, have echoed down the centuries. They will never be forgotten.

http://www.reivershistory.co.uk

Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Tom_W_Moss

Border Laws of Medieval England and Scotland By Tom W Moss

Enacted to Combat Crime across the English\Scottish Border

The Border Laws, formulated in the Mid 13th Century, were unique in British History. They were an Attempt to Control the Scottish\English clans of the Border country. In their 350 years existence the Border Laws would be amended many times in an effort to bring order and peace to the Border Lands. They would not succeed.

The Border Line is Determined

In 1249 twenty-four knights of England and a similar number from Scotland met at the Border Line to determine its course from East to West. It had been determined almost two centuries earlier but ever increasing confrontation between the people who lived either side of it had prompted action from the English monarchy. Henry 111 of England wished to know exactly where the Border Line was.

The Border Laws. Unique in British History

The Line of the Border was determined and the knights set themselves to formulating a series of Laws to which the inhabitants on both sides of the Line must adhere if order, control and peace were to prevail. These Laws were specific to the Border Lands of England and Scotland as it was recognised that the ordinary laws of both lands were ineffectual in dealing with the kind of crime which was endemic in the Border lands. They became known as the Border Laws, Leges Marchiarum. They would serve for the law in the Border Lands for centuries.

The Border Law is Formulated to Control the Reivers

The chief concern of the knights was "wanton disregard and prejudice". They recognised that the Border Line was being ignored by the people, known now as the Border Reivers, who lived on both sides of the Line, and that this had led to ever increasing confrontation. Theft, maiming and even murder were often the result of the conflict which existed. Anyone committing a crime in the opposite realm would never be brought to justice in their own. In their own country they would be lauded as the perpetrator of one more successful raid against the enemy. Thus was justice "prejudiced".

The Day of Truce Becomes the Mainstay of the Border Law

The deliberations of the knights concluded that felons should be brought to "knowledge of Marche". For Marche read Border. Once captured they should be brought to the Border, at or near a town, but as time and custom prevailed, to the very Border Line itself for trial and judgement of their crimes. At a time when the relationship between England and Scotland was at best one of uneasy peace and at worst all out war, this was a hazardous and dangerous undertaking. And so the "Day of Truce" became the mainstay of the enactment of the Border Law.

The Border Line is the Venue for Trial

The "Day of Truce" was a day when English and Scots would meet across a river or burn (stream), or hill top which had become the Border Line. It was a Day when Truce between the two countries reigned and when felons would answer for their crimes. Those people who attended to ensure fair play were confident that they had "safe conduct".

The Assurance of the Truce is Part of Border Law

No one was likely to attend the Day of Truce without some confirmation that they would be safe in doing so. Often English and Scottish would meet at the Truce who were at feud with each other and had been for many generations. It was often a nervous meeting! Thus the "Assurance" of the Truce came into being. The "Assurance" laid down that all would be safe from sunrise of the "Day of Truce" until sunrise of the day following the conclusion of the trials of the miscreants and felons, the Reivers, brought to the Truce for judgement.

Border Law is Ineffectual against the Border Reivers

To reive is to thieve. The Border Reivers held sway in the Border Lands for many a century. The Border Laws would prove to be ineffectual against their nefarious activities for many reasons, not least the policies of the English and Scottish governments who often welcomed the unrest and upheaval which had taken the English Scottish Border by storm.

http://www.reivershistory.co.uk

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Border Reivers - Pele Towers of the Scottish English Border By Tom W Moss

Reivers - Pele Towers of the Anglo\Scots Border

Fortified Homes gave the Border Reivers a Haven against Attack

In a land that was often ravaged by war, even in peace subject to attack from neighbours and raiders from the opposite realm, pele towers were the last line of defence.

There are yet to be seen many of the pele towers built in the 14th, 15th and 16th centuries on each side of the English Scottish Border. They stand today as a reminder of a time when no-one who lived in the Border lands was safe from attack by marauding army during the clash between England and Scotland known now as the Scottish War of Independence, enemy from the opposite side of the Borderline intent on retribution for previous attacks on their homes or even close neighbour of the same nationality, at odds as a result of the interminable, relentless feuds that infested the Border families. Feud was the canker of the Border lands. For centuries, neither Border Law nor the civil or criminal authorities of the two countries, however hard they tried, could eradicate or even curtail it. Feud ruled in the Borders. It was just one more reason for the defensive approach which resulted in the building of the fortified towers known as 'Peles' or 'Peels'.

There are many definitions of the word 'pele'. It is accepted now that it originates from the old French meaning a stake. From this it would seem that initially it meant that the ground was defended by a palisade or fence, the fortified tower within it eventually taking the name.

The Towers Built to Withstand a Siege

The towers were very strongly built with walls between 4 and 15 feet thick. (Cessford castle or tower in the Scottish Borders has walls of fifteen feet thick in places). Often they were 'rubble' built, using random sized stone, sometimes 'ashlar' or cut to perfect proportions. They were usually three storeys high although 4 and 5 storey examples still exist, making them anything up to 50 feet high.. Atop the highest storey there was a metal basket primed with wood. This would be fired should any enemy be seen approaching. As there was usually another tower within sight or relatively near at hand, the fire would be seen by others of the clan. Within minutes the whole valley would be aware that an enemy was near at hand. There was only one door, wide enough to let only one man pass at a time. It was in almost every case a double door, the inner of strong studded oak with an iron one, known as a 'yett', positioned in front of it.

Residence of the Laird or Clan Leaders

The towers were beyond the means of the rank and file members of the sect or 'grayne' of the clan that owed allegiance to the Laird or Chieftan. They usually lived in very primitive dwellings outside the walls, built as in the times of the Ancient Britons from 'wattle and daub'. The advantage of such a home was that it could be replaced within the day should a raid result in it being fired. This happened with monotonous regularity. There was nothing to be gained from building in stone.

The Security of the Tower in Times of Attack

Surrounding the tower a high wall was built, anything up to 16 feet high and 3 feet thick. This was positioned some way from the tower to provide extra defence. It was known as a 'barmkin' or 'barnekin' wall. Should an enemy come screaming over the horizon, the dwellers outside the walls would gather up as much of their domestic and farming implements as they could and drive any beasts they owned within the barmkin wall. Then they would enter the tower itself and help the Laird to defend both the tower and their livelihoods.

The Ground Floor of the Towers

The ground floor of the tower usually had a vaulted ceiling. The construction of this was of paramount importance as the stability of the floors above depended upon its strength. It was in this area that the Laird would drive his horses and any other beasts that it was capable of holding when attack loomed. The horses were of ultra-importance; they were needed when the Laird went out on one of his nightly forays to exact retribution for the latest attack on his tower or needed to steal a few beasts to furnish his table or cater to the needs of his dependents.

The Upper Storeys

In a three storey tower, the most common type, the middle floor was the living quarters. It was the equivalent to the great hall of buildings of a more refined nature. There was a massive fireplace in one wall and the floor was strewn with sweet-smelling grasses that could be changed on a daily basis. Windows were a rarity, as much for the comfort of the residents as to prevent entry should scaling ladders ever get near enough to endeavour entry. In some examples of the Border Pele there were little rooms cut into the walls which were curtained in an effort to provide some privacy. Above the living quarters, on the third floor, were the bedrooms.

In the valley of the river Liddel there were upwards of 70 towers or fortified places, some of stone others of wood. They were a refuge for all the folk living in the valley in a violent time in the history of England and Scotland. Throughout modern day Cumbria, Northumberland, and the whole of Scotland south of the river Forth there are many examples of the Pele Tower, testimony yet to a violent age now gone but not forgotten.

Since the day I learned to read I have been passionately interested in history; all history, all places and all people. Naturally, being English, I have an affinity with British history as its heritage is within relatively easy reach.
In 1985 I moved with my job to the Scottish Borders and fell in love with the place. There it was a surprise to find out that I knew nothing of the Border Reivers, the lawless clans who held sway in the Border country for centuries. I found their history to be absorbing and fascinating and today, twenty-five years later, the enthusiasm and passion shows no sign of waning. I am a fully qualified textile technologist and am often asked how I equate an interest in history with a profession that encompasses the physical and chemical properties of yarns and cloth and machinery precision.
Strange bedfellows indeed! I find my outside interest in history to be a perfect foil to my work and consider myself blessed that I have a passion in both camps. I have written a book about the most infamous Scottish Border Reiver of the 16th century. He was known as Kinmont Willie Armstrong. The Book is called 'Deadlock and Deliverance'. Currently I am writing yet another book about the Northern Rebellion of 1569/70 which involved the Scottish Border Reivers.

http://www.reivershistory.co.uk

Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Tom_W_Moss

Border Reivers - Bastles of the English Scottish Border By Tom W Moss

Fortified Farmhouses Built for Defence Against the Border Reivers

People of the English\Scottish Borderline lived in constant fear of raid and reprisal at the hands of the Border Reivers (Robbers). The Bastle House provided refuge and defence.

In the 14th, 15th and 16th centuries the country on each side of the English Scottish Border was the haunt of the Border Reivers. Initially through desperation in their dire want, reluctantly embroiled as they were in the Scottish Wars of Independence, they began to steal cattle and sheep where they could. There was little alternative as time on time all they owned was robbed to service an army on the move, destroyed or burned for no other reason than they belonged to the enemy. In time their dubious calling became a way of life with an outcome of family and clan feud which spanned generation after generation. Within a very short time the Border folk knew no other way of life in an area where authority and government demonstrated little control nor provided succour or aid in a land where the Border folk were caught in the middle of the relentless, fierce and aggressive surge for dominance between England and Scotland.

The Bastle House Comes into its Own

By the middle of the 16th century the whole of the Border region was in turmoil. The reiving had escalated to a point where feud between the Border clans was rife and theft and murder were every day occurrences. Throughout the Borders fortified towers of immense strength, known as Pele Towers, became the strongholds of the Clan or family chief. These provided refuge not just for the Chief's family but also all those who depended upon him; his family or clan. At the same time, a less expensive way of providing fortified shelter became common. This was known as a 'Bastle' house and was in effect a farmhouse built to withstand attack and provide shelter for man and beast alike. The word comes from the French 'bastille', a fortress. The bastle was a true product of its time and is to be found predominantly on the English side of the Border. Why? Probably because during the last half of the sixteenth century Scots incursions into England, or at least the threat of them, far outweighed raids in the opposite direction.

The Bastle is Built with Defence in Mind

The stones used to build the bastles were massive yet often they contained no mortar which was a material few men could source or afford. Rather the stones were held together with wedge-shaped off-cuts of those stones that were dressed. This practice was known as 'galletting', a procedure which has stood the test of time as witnessed by the many bastles that still stand in partial ruin to this day. The roof tiles were made of heavy stone which were impossible to set on fire and held together with the bones of sheep. Often, but certainly not always, the bastle had a vaulted basement as seen in the Pele Tower accessed by two doors, an iron one known as a 'yett' and a heavy oaken studded door as further defence. The vaulted ceiling of the basement had a trapdoor which accessed the living quarters on the floor above. The most valuable beasts including any horse would be quickly led into the vault in times of attack after which the inmate would access the living quarters by means of the trap-door. The ladder he used to achieve this would be drawn up behind him into the living space before the trap-door was slammed shut and bolted. The walls of the bastle could be up to three feet thick.

Access to the Living Quarters

Apart from the door into the vault there was no other means of access to the building at ground level. Instead entry into the living quarters, the second floor, was by means of a ladder to a door placed high in the long wall of the house which, again, was drawn up behind the owner should a raid be imminent. Any reiver, bent on stealing the beasts or confronting the householders would be hard pressed to achieve his aim. The owner's neighbours would soon come to his aid should he be able to hold off the initial attack. The living room of the bastle, built along the lines of the far superior Pele Tower, contained the usual massive fireplace, was spacious and open but, at night, was used for makeshift bedrooms as well.

In the present day Northumberland and Cumbria there are many fine examples of the bastle house which have been renovated and are lived in. Those at 'Towhouse' near Haltwhistle and the 'Hole' near Bellingham in Northumberland are truly awesome in their obvious strength and brooding defiance against attack whilst the Alston area of Cumbria boasts a host, from those that are in pristine condition, to others in various stages of dilapidation. There are others still to be seen in the Bewcastle area of Cumbria and many huddled together and still in use in the village of Chesterwood in Northumberland.

Once the homes of a people who lived in fear of the next raid coming screaming over the horizon in the dead of night, they all bear testimony to a more violent age.

Since the day I learned to read I have been passionately interested in history; all history, all places and all people. Naturally, being English, I have an affinity with British history as its heritage is within relatively easy reach. In 1985 I moved with my job to the Scottish Borders and fell in love with the place. There it was a surprise to find out that I knew nothing of the Border Reivers, the lawless clans who held sway in the Border country for centuries. I found their history to be absorbing and fascinating and today, twenty-five years later, the enthusiasm and passion shows no sign of waning. I am a fully qualified textile technologist and am often asked how I equate an interest in history with a profession that encompasses the physical and chemical properties of yarns and cloth and machinery precision. Strange bedfellows indeed! I find my outside interest in history to be a perfect foil to my work and consider myself blessed that I have a passion in both camps. I have written a book about the most infamous Scottish Border Reiver of the 16th century. He was known as Kinmont Willie Armstrong. The Book is called 'Deadlock and Deliverance'. Currently I am writing yet another book about the Northern Rebellion of 1569/70 which involved the Scottish Border Reivers. http://www.reivershistory.co.uk

Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Tom_W_Moss

Tom W Moss - EzineArticles Expert Author

Tuesday 8 June 2010

Reivers - Border Marches of England and Scotland By Tom W Moss

Districts Set in Place to Control the Scottish/English Reivers The Border Marches of England and Scotland

The Border Laws were unique to the Border Country of England and Scotland. Initially formulated as early as 1249, they sought to control the clans of the Border territories until the Union of the two Crowns in 1603. Their origin prompted a system of administrative control.

The Border lands of the two countries are a combination of deep and fertile river valleys dominated by the Esk and Tweed and extensive areas of windswept uplands where the lonely Cheviot Hills hold sway. In medieval times to control such a vast area would have been an onerous undertaking. By the early fourteenth century a solution had been reached and the country on each side of the Border Line was divided into distinct districts known as the East, Middle and West Marches.

The East Marches

The East March of Scotland included the town of Berwick (which was to often change hands) and covered most of Berwickshire as far north as the Lammermuir Hills and west to the Hanging Stone in the Cheviots. Its English counterpart to the south included most of north-eastern Northumberland as far south as the river Aln and some of the lands of the Palinate of Durham, namely Norhamshire and Islandshire. A dominant stronghold in this area was Bamburgh Castle.

The Middle Marches

On the Scottish side this included the remainder of Berwickshire and Roxburghshire in its entirety. The principal towns were Hawick, Kelso and Jedburgh. Originally the Scottish Middle March incorporated the valley of Liddesdale within its bounds. It was such a hostile place however, known as the "Cockpit of the Borders", and one of the most dangerous places to live in the whole of Europe, that it eventually fell to separate administration. The English Middle March consisted of parts of Northumberland including Tynedale and Redesdale. The people of these valleys were akin in hostility and belligerence to their opposite numbers of Liddesdale.

The West Marches

The Scottish West March was made up of the Sheriffdom of Dumfries and the Stewartries of Annandale and Kirkcudbright. Dumfries was the major town in the Scottish West which was dominated for centuries by the clans of Maxwell and Johnstone. The March was controlled from Caerlaverock Castle. The English West encompassed the whole of Cumberland and Westmorland (modern day Cumbria). Its centre of operations was Carlisle Castle with garrisons at Askerton, Bewcastle and Rockcliffe.

The Formation of the Marches Sought to Control a Fierce, Warlike People

The clans of the Borders were hard, obdurate people inured to deprivation and incessant loss of livelihood. They answered to neither authority nor monarchy. They lived and died by a far older order, that of allegiance to their clan leader. The promulgation of the English Scottish Border Marches might have sought to bring order and peace to a land in turmoil but they needed men of a special calibre to enforce the Border Law within each of the six districts; men who were all things to all men. They would need the ability to organise and control the inhabitants of their Marches in time of war between the nations and demonstrate a firm yet impartial approach in dealing with the array of crime from theft to blackmail and murder which beset the Border country. These men were known as the March Wardens.

In 1985 I moved to the Scottish Borders and fell in love with the place. It was a surprise to find out that I knew nothing of the Border Reivers, the lawless clans who held sway in the Border country for centuries. I found their history to be absorbing and fascinating and today, twenty-five years later, the enthusiasm and passion shows no sign of waning.
I have written a book about the most infamous Scottish Border Reiver of the 16th century, Kinmont Willie Armstrong. It is called 'Deadlock and Deliverance',

Tom Moss.

For more of the rich history of the Border Reivers see my web-site at: http://www.reivershistory.co.uk

Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Tom_W_Moss

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Melrose Abbey

Taking in the Sights in Melrose - Scottish Borders By Simon Haughtone Platinum Quality Author

The area of Melrose - Scottish Borders has had a long and rich history. Dating all the way back to 1500 B. C., community has continued to settle and flourish here. The beautiful surrounding countryside mean that this is an idyllic locale for visiting, and living in.

Recreation here is hard work in the case of Melrose's division one football club. Rugby is taken very seriously, and if you are visiting, whether you are a fan or not, attending a match is an experience that should not be missed. Melrose takes pride in their team. The competition is fierce, but friendly.

Partake in playing some tennis in very fair weather. You may want to take in one of our guided walking tours that are offered. People have many reasons for taking walking tours. Some people enjoy walking while learning about the history of the area. Others like to observe the extraordinary beauty of the area. Taking a closer look at the wildlife is very interesting to visitors.

The cultural life in Melrose is just as exciting as the sporting events, and as breathtaking as the scenery. Sit back and enjoy the opera. Take in a play with dinner. Tour the amazing artwork throughout the town and surrounding area. There is no shortage of enriching activities here.

The remnants of the ancient cultures left plenty behind to stir conversation. Learning about their origins and how they lived can be very remarkable. To stand in the presence of structures that have seen entire millennia come and go is a very humbling experience.

A visit to Melrose can be a breath of fresh air. An atmosphere like no other is what you will find here. There is plenty to keep you occupied during your stay, and many more ways for you to unwind and relax.

To find a hotel in Melrose just click here.

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Visiting Melrose in Scottish Borders By Simon Haughtone Platinum Quality Author

If you want to visit a small yet historic area of Melrose located in the Scottish Borders. The town got its name from the Old Welsh word Mailros, which means "the bare peninsula". It was actually referring to the monastery that was built in the area.

Later on in the Middle Ages that monastery was re-founded and the name was meant to stand for mell or mason's hammer, and the rose for a symbol of the Virgin Mary. Because that was who all Cistercian abbeys would be dedicated too.

You can still find some of the ruins of the Melrose Abbey in Melrose. This is also the spot where Robert the Bruce, the Scottish King, had his heart buried. There was actually an excavation that was done in which a casket was found. It was never opened, but instead re-buried in back of the abbey. The dig was done by some high school students and the find was accidental.

Really a fantastic story and only one of the many historical ones that are based upon this area. You can visit the Abbey any time of year it is ran by Historic Scotland, though you will need to pay an entrance fee.

Close by you will also find, Trimontium, that's a Roman fort, and also Dryburgh Abbey. Many small villages are near to Melrose, which include Bowden, Darnick, Newstead, and Gattonside. Out on Eildon Hills you will find that area is where King Arthur was possibly buried.

Also another area of interest is Abbotsford House, which is the home of Sir Walter Scott. Plus each June you can enjoy a week of festival at the Melrose Festival. And we can't leave out the mention of each year Melrose also plays host to Border Book Festival also taking place in June. Past guests and honorees include Michael Palin, and Rory Bremner.

Discover your next hotel in Melrose or select somewhere to stay from these UK hotels.

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A Scot's Life in Peebles, Scottish Borders By Simon Haughtone Platinum Quality Author

A Scot's life in Peebles, Scottish Borders is exemplified by the burgh-like atmosphere evident all over the region. Peebles itself lies on the River Tweed, which has to be considered one of the most strongly identifiable Scottish rivers in the area, at 97 miles long. The burgh currently has a population numbering some 8,200 or so people. Initially classed as a market town, Peebles had a strong role in the Scottish woollen industry up until the 1960s.

With the slow disappearance of wool as in industry in Peebles, it gradually came to its present day role as primarily a commuter town for people who work in nearby Edinburgh. This is in addition to the subsidiary role it has in the local tourism industry, especially in the summertime.

There are a number of historic buildings in or around the town, including Neidpath Castle, which is only a mile west of Peebles itself. It was first built between 1263 and 1266 by Sir Simon Fraser. Local legend has it that the castle is haunted. It is used many times as a location site for numerous films and television shows and movies, whenever classic Scottish castle architecture is called for.

The oldest building in Peebles itself is the tower of Saint Andrews Church. Most other parts of this church were destroyed over the years, especially by the forces of Henry VIII, during his break from the Roman Catholic Church. Saint Andrews had first been built in 1195. Another classic building is the Old Parish Church, which was built between 1885 and 1887. It is considered a hallmark of Gothic architecture.

The Scottish Borders, the local government area in which Peebles resides, has a population of around 112,000 people today. At one time it was a designation for the entire southern border region of Scotland. It is still known to most in the United Kingdom as the Borders Region.

For a wide selection of Peebles hotels just click here.

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Peebles - Scottish Borders, Officially the Best Town in Scotland By Simon Haughtone Platinum Quality Author

Town information- The market town of Peebles - Scottish Borders with its estimated population of 8159 inhabitants is located in the local Government council of Tweeddale on the banks of River Tweed and Eddleston. Locals love boasting about the areas status as the best town in Scotland and second best town in the United Kingdom, as awarded by New Economics Foundation. The area played a significant role during the 1960's in the Woollen industry on the one hand, while present day Peebles on the other hand plays an imperative role as commuter town to neighbouring Edinburgh.

Churches- St. Andrew's church founded in 1195, is the oldest building in town. Another magnificent ancient church in the area is the Cross Kirk founded in 1261.

Castles- Haunted Neipath Castle built by Sir Simon Fraser somewhere between 1263 and 1266, lies cosily on the west side of town. This historical site is unfortunately closed for public viewing. The castled may however be viewed from Hay Lodge Park. The town's library, museum and art gallery are all contained within the Local Admin Offices on High Street.

Festivals- The Beltane annual festival celebrates sad days gone by when local men risked their lives to protect the town and its people. In weeks preceding the festival a Cornet is elected as a town representative who will with his supporters undertake ride-outs to neighbouring villages to spread the word about upcoming festivities. During the festival a Beltane Queen is crowned on parish steps along with her courtiers and sword bearer.

Farmers market- Farmers market days are held in Eastgate Car Park, on second Saturday of every month. Approximately eighteen local producers attend the day to sell their farm fresh produce to locals. The products include and are defintely not limited to meats, fish, cheese, veggies, fruits and sweet delicacies.

For accommodation in Peebles check this list of Peebles hotels.

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Saturday 5 June 2010

VIDEO Grey Mares Tail Moffat and Beatock,Dumfr,Galloway.Scotland.

Moffat, Dumfries and Galloway - A Testament to Scotland in Bloom By Simon Haughtone Platinum Quality Author

Moffat, Dumfries and Galloway is a beautiful small town in the southwest of Scotland. This celebrated town has been voted the "Scotland in Bloom" award on several occasions, and in 1997, won the "Great Britain Small Town Award". Located in the east of the county of Dumfries and Galloway, its heritage was strongly linked with the wool trade. In the town's heart, you will find the Moffat Ram statue, a magnificent sculpture paying homage to its past.

Moffat is quite a tourist tradition, and within the area is known as the jewel in the crown. The facilities of this gorgeous town include a eighteen hole golf course (which is open to visitors), tennis courts, a fabulous bowling green, a putting green, and magnificent floral displays (hence the many "Scotland in Bloom" awards). Close by is the world famous Gretna Green, where eloping couples are welcomed to pledge their wedding vows to each other.

Moffat, Dumfries and Galloway lies amidst a stunning landscape which was sculpted by the ravages of the ice age. Rolling hills, moorlands, woods, which were once the homes of the Picts. When the Romans invaded, there were many heroic and bloody battles fought with these fierce local Scots. In testament to this early history, a Roman road, where once marched the legions of the Roman Empire, runs from through Moffat from Carlisle to Castledykes. There is even a Roman fort close by, and you will not be far from renowned Hadrian's Wall, the lasting tribute to the might of the Roman Empire.

Many famous Scots are associated with Moffat. William Wallace (made world famous by the Braveheart film) allegedly rode from Moffat to his eventual execution at the hands of Edward Longshanks. Robert le Bruce, ancestor of King Robert the Bruce lived here in 1177. Robert Burns came often to Moffat to sit and write, and one of his poems was displayed on a pub window (The Black Bull Inn), but the window (complete with poem) is now kept in St Petersburg (Russia).

For accommodation in Moffat check this list of Moffat hotels.

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Moffat - Dumfries and Galloway - A Visit of History By Simon Haughtone Platinum Quality Author

Moffat - Dumfries and Galloway is a small township of only about 2, 500 citizens. It was a popular stopping off point on the journey from London and Edinburgh or Glasgow. Before them the Romans came through as did the Knights Templar on the way to or from the Crusades.

Moffat emerged as a spa destination after the water was tasted by the daughter of the bishop and she knew the water contained sulphur. Water was transported down to a specially built bath house in Moffat town centre. Over the next one hundred years Moffat became one of Europe's most fashionable spa towns. A number of prestigious hotels were built and the rich and famous came to take the waters.

Sheep were important in the history and economic prosperity of Moffat. A local businessman thought the sheep industry was so important to Moffat he decided to donate a statue to the town 1875. The state was a ram standing on a pile of boulders. The statue is sculpted from bronze.

The ram has never had ears and there are some stories that the sculptor, William Brodie, was so distressed when he realised he had forgotten the ears that he committed suicide. The ram statue and fountain was restored in the early 2000's as time had not been kind to it and the restoration was a major community fundraising undertaking.

The area around Moffat attracts many visitor for the walking opportunities. 10 miles out of Moffat is one of Scotland's highest waterfalls - Grey Mare's Tail. In winter is can freeze over and climbers do climb it with ice climbing equipment. There is also a corral called the Devils Beef Tub. This is a place where cattle thieves would temporarily hide their stolen cattle. And it had some use holding prisoners from the battle of Culloden.

For accommodation in Moffat check this list of Moffat hotels.

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VIDEO DRUMLANRIG CASTLE

VIDEO Drumlanrig Castle

Castles Near Dumfries, Scotland By David Irving

When you travel to Dumfries and the beautiful surrounding areas why not take some time out to visit some of the fantastic castles we have in the area.

We are fortunate to have various castles in all shapes and sizes and in many different states of repair from complete ruins such as "Lochmaben Castle" where it is claimed the revered "King Robert the Bruce" was born in 1247 to the fabulous Comlongon Castle near Gretna which is a beautifully restored 15th century medieval castle that is now a luxurious wedding venue.

The common thread that you find with all these castles in the Dumfries area is that over the centuries many of them have changed hands several times during warring "Auld Enemies" as they regularly locked horns in various battles.

Not to be missed is Caerlaverock Castle - The only triangular castle in Great Britain. Building of the castle began in 1277 and was practically complete by 1300 when Edward 1 ("The Hammer of the Scots") arrived with his knights and 3000 men and took the castle. It's strategic position looking over the Solway Firth and surrounded by sea and deep marshes ensured it was always a most sought after stronghold by the warring nations. The castle is definitely worth a visit as many of the features still remain today including the magnificent Nithsdale Lodgings with fantastic ornamental stonework which were added to the castle in the mid 1600s. For an added bonus look out for the South wall on the Gatehouse where Dumfries's most famous son "Robert Burns" carved his initials and the date of his visit in 1776.

Drumlanrig Castle is now the magnificent home of the Duke and Duchess of Buccleuch and Queensberry. This fine example of late 17th century renaissance architecture in Scotland is open to the public and houses some of the finest artwork in the world including Rembrandts "The Old Women Reading". To ensure your day is full you can also look around the Gift Shop, the Cycle Museum, the Gardens and the fantastic Country Estate.

If you have more time to spend in the area take the opportunity to visit Threave Castle, Auchen Castle and if you get the chance pay a visit to sweetheart Abbey to see the substantial remains of this historical building where Lady Devorgilla founded the Abbey in 1273 in loving memory of her husband John Balliol who died in 1268.

David Irving

Glenaldor House
Bed and Breakfast Dumfries
http://www.glenaldorhouse.co.uk

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VIDEO Around Kilmarnock

Kilmarnock - East Ayrshire, Derives Its Name From St Marnock By Simon Haughtone Platinum Quality Author

In Ayshire, there are many towns which bear the prefix "Kil." This prefix has been translated from the Celtic as meaning "Cell" or "Church", so Kilmarnock according to local tradition means the Church of St. Marnock.The first settlements in this area more than likely were due to the expansion of Christianity, somewhere around 397 AD after St. Ninian established a church on the Solway coast in Whithorn. However remain like the Dragon Stone indicate that there were prehistoric people living in East Ayrshire.

East Ayrshire abounds with castles and towers which date as far back as the 13th, 14th and 16th Century. This was when Scottish Barons were enjoying the height of their power and intimately involved in national affairs. One period in particular stood out when Edward I (known as Edward Longshanks) was making his advances on Scottish territory. This was at the time of William Wallace, who had much connection with the area. The Wallace family castle stands at Riccarton which is now a part of Kilmarnock. He is well know for his ambush of the English in 1297 at Loudoun Hill. We also know that Robert the Bruce, or Robert I was active in this area and won a battle also at Loudoun Hill, against Edward I in 1307.

Today this area is no longer at conflict and it is one of the most beautiful of the many exquisite Scottish places to visit. It is also the home of many famous Scotsment, including Johniie Walker of the whiskey fame. And a statue in tribute to him stands near Laigh Kirk. Andrew Fisher who was a miner at Crosshouse, became the Prime Minister of Australia and Sir Alexander Fleming, who discovered penicillin was born near Darvel, receiving his basic education at Kilmarnock Academy.

Dean Castle Country Park makes for an excellent free day out for the family. It covers 200 acres of glorious woodland walks, a pets corner, tearoom, play-park and 14th century castle which displays historic relics such as armor, weapons and musical instruments. The original keep of the castle dates back to 1350, and has very strong connections with events and people in Scottish history.

For a wide selection of Kilmarnock hotels just click here.

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Kilmarnock - Whiskey, Trains and Carpets By Simon Haughtone Platinum Quality Author

Kilmarnock is a town in Scotland and is the second largest town in Ayrshire. The name is comprised of three different words that translates into Church of my little Eman. This may be the name of a saint that started the church in the 7th century. Much of the first town is part of the Low Church area. There are not many old buildings left in Kilmarnock because of a fire that destroyed the town in 1668.

Most of the industry revolved around heavy engineering and textiles. Locomotives and valves are still produced and carpets are still a big industry. BMK carpets has been in Kilmarnock since the end of the 1800s and they produced carpets up until 2005.

Kilmarnock also had one of the first tram railways of anywhere in the world. The Glasgow and South western Railway also have production lines in Kilmarnock. Today locomotives are built and serviced by Hunslett-Barclay.

Johnny Walkers scotch whiskey originates in Kilmarnock. This whisky has been produced for 189 years in Kilmarnock though the bottling plant is scheduled to close in 2011. Since the industries have declined the town council has started to make plans to regenerate the town. This not only includes heritage sites but also the quality of life for residents.

The Dick Institute contains a museum, library and art gallery in town. The institute was founded by an Australian James Dick and was opened in 1901. The Burns monument was built to remember the poet Robert Burns. Burns work was published in Kilmarnock and combines neo-Gothic, Scots Baronial and Italianate elements. The monument was damaged but plans have been made to restore it.

Dean castle was first built in 1350 and was the home of the Boyd Family for over 400 years. The land and castle was given to the Boyd family by Robert the Bruce. The castle was built originally for defense purposes. It was later expanded into a palace and gatehouse. In 1946 the entire castle and grounds was restored.

For a wide selection of Kilmarnock hotels just click here

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Thursday 3 June 2010

VIDEO AYR - PRESTWICK

Visiting the Location of Prestwick - South Ayrshire By Simon Haughtone Platinum Quality Author

When you head to Prestwick - South Ayrshire, you will be going to the south west part of Scotland. Finding there a medium sized town that has a bunch of past history. A little way from Glasgow and close to the town of Ayr too, it is one beautiful location to see.

It would be in this town that the first every golf championship would be held, way back in 1860. It would be played on Prestwick Old course at that time. In fact twelve of the first every open championship would be held in this location.

The name of the town can be found to mean priests farm. This fits the location since it was first a town with a religious house located in it. It has seen many famous people through the ages pass through, including Robert the Bruce, and James VI. It would be at the St Ninians church that Bruce was said to be cured of leprosy. That well is still standing if you go to that church you can find it behind the church.

Many great famous locations can be seen when you head to this area. Head over to see those remains that still are around from the old parish church. That church was built during the 12th century, and you can still find the graveyard around the ruins.

There are many places around to visit for the children to play, or for some swimming, and even an indoor activity center to check out. Of course there are shops and pubs to visit in this location too.

But the best news is for the golfer in the family. Sporting three different courses to choose from, and two of which have held championships before. So there are many reasons to visit this spot, but more than one reason for the golfer to check out this spot!

Find your next Prestwick hotel
here.

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Learn the History of Scotland's Most Famous Poet on an Ayrshire Trip By Dipika Patel Platinum Quality Author

A trip to Ayrshire in Scotland would not be complete without time spent learning about one of its most famous names - the country's national poet, Robert Burns - and there are so many hotels on the west coast of Scotland that you will never be far away from somewhere of cultural significance in this part of the world.

Born in Alloway, Ayrshire, in 1759, Robert Burns is the most famous poet to ever come out of Scotland and wrote hundreds of verses, including The Battle of Sherramuir, Tam O' Shanter, Ae Fond Kiss and To a Mouse.

In and around the county there are plenty of Ayrshire hotels to choose from and whichever one you decide to stay in, you will probably not be far from the Robert Burns National Heritage Park, a definite must-see. The park is home to the very cottage in which Burns was born and you can also check out some of the places he made famous in his verses.

The cottage which was the childhood home of the poet is still in its original place and renovation work has seen the building restored to its former condition.

Famous visitors to the little house include Hollywood actor Clark Gable and legendary boxer Muhammad Ali. Fellow poet John Keats has also paid the thatched cottage a visit in the past. While wandering around the park, you could head to the world famous Brig O'Doon. This bridge is made famous in verses by Burns and is also the subject matter of a number of well known paintings.

In one of Burns' most instantly recognisable poems, Tam O'Shanter, a reference can be heard to Mungo's Well. The well is in fact a real life water hole and can be found within the Robert Burns National Heritage Park boundary.

There is plenty to see in the county of Ayrshire as a whole, including three impressive castle. Law Castle, Auchenharvie Castle and Barr Castle can all be found within easy distance of a number of high-quality Ayrshire hotels and are all well worth a visit.

Walking fans may also want to take a stroll to the Laigh Milton Viaduct.

If you're looking to book hotels west Scotland visit Luxury Scotland to book Ayrshire hotels - home of Scotland's national poet - Roger Burns.

Visit Luxury Scotland for luxury hotels, golf resorts, luxury spa hotels, country house hotels and other destinations that we believe reflect Luxury Scotland and experience the very best of Scotland.

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Attractions in the Isle of Arran - North Ayrshire By Simon Haughtone Platinum Quality Author

The Isle of Arran - North Ayrshire is a beautiful country that contains many natural wonders. One of the main places to go in the region is the Clyde Muirshiel Regional park. The name actually refers to an area that has been set aside for conservation, not just a single park.

The site was declared as a conservation area back in nineteen hundred and seventy one. On the location are places like Castle Semple Loch. There you can also find Lunderston bay, Locherwood, and the Greenock Cut. These places are quite a sight to behold, and any one that gets a chance to try to take them all in. Due to efforts of many people to conserve this sight, there will be a good chance that, generations from now, people will still be able to enjoy all that this area has to offer.

There are two part visitor centers in the park. They can direct you to areas that are best for the outdoors activity that you are most interested in. Be that hiking, boating, or biking, you can find all sorts of things to do in this location.

The Sustrans Cycle track brings in many bicycle enthusiasts each year. It's a loop that starts from the Castle Semple Loch and goes for about fourteen miles around the park. The track was built along an old railway track that is makes it a fairly easy track and has the distinct advantage of being clear of most traffic throughout the year.

The Isle of Arran - North Ayrshire is a great place to take in a lot of different attractions. The historic sites as well as the lakes and mountains make it one of the most serene places in the country. Many people make the voyage to the area to take in this majestic beauty throughout the year.

For accommodation in Isle of Arran check this list of Isle of Arran hotels.

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